The giant elliptical galaxies failed to produce new stars, but the Herschel Space Observatory discovered massive elliptical galaxies containing plenty of cold gas. The reason the stars didn’t form is because jets from the central supermassive black-hole heat, or stir up the gas and prevent it from forming into stars. Astronomers call these elliptical galaxies “Red and Dead”. The giant elliptical galaxies shut down the star-forming activity, and it remains only home to the longest-lived stars, which are low-mass, and appear red. The cold gas is the vital material from which stars are born.