The habitable-zone super-Earth planets orbit around a bit of a quarter of the red dwarf’s star in the sun’s neighborhood. An international of astronomers from the United Kingdom, and Chile discovered eight new super-earth planets. The planets orbit around the red dwarf stars. These planets could have existing liquid water, and are possible candidates for supporting life. They have been discovered around stars between 15-80 light years away, and have orbital periods between 2 weeks, and 9 years. It means that they orbit their stars at ranging distances of 0.05 to 4 times the Earth-distance- 93 million miles (149 million kilometers).

The giant elliptical galaxies failed to produce new stars, but the Herschel Space Observatory discovered massive elliptical galaxies containing plenty of cold gas. The reason the stars didn’t form is because jets from the central supermassive black-hole heat, or stir up the gas and prevent it from forming into stars. Astronomers call these elliptical galaxies “Red and Dead”. The giant elliptical galaxies shut down the star-forming activity, and it remains only home to the longest-lived stars, which are low-mass, and appear red. The cold gas is the vital material from which stars are born.

Scientists have found 715 new planets outside our solar system in our galaxy by using the planet-hunting Kepler Telescope. The margin number of it are now about up to 1,700. The new planets are in systems like ours, which multiple planets circle a star. Four of these new planets are in habitable zones, where it’s not too cold or too hot. The announcement from NASA was confirmed today this Wednesday.

The comet ISON made a closest approach to the sun encounter. The comet’s nucleus broke up into the sun’s intense heat and powerful tidal waves, once it passed within 730,000 miles of the sun’s surface. The comet reappeared tiny, and gradually growing fainter into the sun’s direction. Most scientists agree that visible remnants are small visible rubble. Comet ISON has failed to survive the sun encounter.

A solar flare is a sudden brightening observed over the sun’s surface or the solar limbs. It’s flare ejects clouds of electrons, ions, and atoms through the corona of the sun into space. It affects all layers of the solar atmosphere, when the plasma medium heats up to tens of millions of kelvins the electrons, protons, and heavier ions accelerate to near the speed of light. Flares occur in active regions such as sunspots. They are powered by the sudden release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. The flares occur when accelerated charged particles, electrons, interact to the plasma medium. The phenomenon of magnetic reconnection is responsible for the acceleration of charged particles. The flares erupt when the active regions on the sun, which magnetic fields are much stronger on average. The solar flares can produce streams of highly energetic particles in the solar wind known as Coronal Mass Ejection. These particles do impact the Earth’s magnetosphere, and it causes radiation hazards to spacecraft, and astronauts.

Arthur Stanley Eddington was a British Astrophysicist in the early 20th century. He studied the internal structures of stars. His book The Internal Structures Of Stars was published in 1926. In the book he suggested that nuclear reactions are the power source of stars. While, he worked at the Royal Greenwich Observatory, he led two expeditions to view solar eclipses. He became professor of astronomy of Cambridge in 1913. He proved that there is evidence for the theory of general relativity. He was born at Kendal, United Kingdom in 1882, and died at Cambridge in 1944. In 1914 he was the director of the Cambridge Observatory. He had a mass-luminosity relationship for main sequence-stars. His awards are the Gold Medal Of The Astronomical Society, Royal Medal, Bruce Medal, and The Henry Draper Award. He was a philosopher of science. 

A region of space-time from which prevents anything as well as light from escaping is called a black hole. There is a defined surface called an Event Horizon that is a point of no return around it. Karl Schawrzchild discovered in 1916 the first modern solution of general relativity which characterizes a black hole. The black holes are formed by massive stars collapse at the end of a star’s end life cycle. It can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings. The black hole has three independent properties: mass, charge, and angular momentum. However, you can escape out of a black hole through a wormhole, but you’ll be traveling in another universe. Nothing can escape from a black hole.